Berikut ini beberapa jurnal penelitian tentang habbatussauda yang bisa menjadi referensi tambahan, silahkan download <gratiiiz>
Planta Med 1995 Feb;61(1):33-6 Related Articles, Books
Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid
King’s College London, U.K.
“Samples of the expressed fixed oil from different sources of Nigella sativa seeds were examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography for content of fixed oils and thymoquinone, and these substances were tested as possible inhibitors of eicosanoid generation and membrane lipid peroxidation. The crude fixed oil and pure thymoquinone both inhibited the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism in rat peritoneal leukocytes stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, as shown by dose-dependent inhibition of thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4, respectively. Thymoquinone was very potent, with approximate IC50 values against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase of < 1 microgram/ml and 3.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Both substances also inhibited non-enzymatic peroxidation in ox brain phospholipid liposomes, but thymoquinone was about ten times more potent. However, the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and lipid peroxidation by the fixed oil of N. sativa is greater than is expected from its content of thymoquinone (ca. 0.2% w/v), and it is possible that other components such as the unusual C20:2 unsaturated fatty acids may contribute also to its anti-eicosanoid and antioxidant activity. These pharmacological properties of the oil support the traditional use of N. sativa and its derived products as a treatment for rheumatism and related inflammatory diseases.” PMID: 7700988 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA (BLACK SEED) AND THYMOQUINONE ON BLOOD GLUCOSE IN ALBINO RATS
Zubaida A. Hawsawi, MBBS; Basil A. Ali, PhD; Abdullah O. Bamosa, PhD
From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Address reprint requests and correspondence to Dr. Bamosa:
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted for publication 15 June 2001. Received 9 October 2000.
The black seed Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is a type of plant that belongs to the Ranunculaceae family.1 It has been used as a herbal medicine for more than 2000 years. It is also used as a food additive and flavor in many countries. N. sativa volatile oil has recently been shown to possess 67 constituents, many of which are capable of inducing beneficial pharmacological effects in humans.2 Studies on the effect of N. sativa on blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic animals seem to be conflicting. In 1985, Al-Awadi et al.3 reported a significant decrease in blood glucose produced by a plant mixture containing N. sativa in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, however, when N. sativa was used alone it produced no effect on the blood glucose level of both normal and diabetic rats.4 Also, El-Naggar and El-Deib5 reported that oral administration of powdered N. sativa seeds for three weeks produced minimal insignificant reduction in blood glucose in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, the intraperitoneal administration of volatile oil of N. sativa to fasting normal and alloxon-diabetic rabbits produced significant hypoglycemic effects.6 A plant mixture containing N. sativa administered once daily at doses of 0.5-1.5 mL/kg body weight for one month to normal and diabetic rats produced significant reductions in serum glucose level only in diabetic rats.7 Another plant mixture containing N. sativa was also reported to produce a significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.8 The only study which has been done on humans reported a significant decrease in blood glucose level after one week of oral ingestion of N. sativa powder at a dose of 2 g/day.9 The glucose level went up but remained insignificantly below baseline by the end of two weeks. We conducted the current study in an attempt to shed some light on the effect of N. sativa on blood glucose.
Materials and Methods
A total of 300 tested and 100 control white female The black seed Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is a type of plant that belongs to the Ranunculaceae family.1 It has been used as a herbal medicine for more than 2000 years. It is also used as a food additive and flavor in many countries. N. sativa volatile oil has recently been shown to possess 67constituents, many of which are capable of inducing beneficial pharmacological effects in humans.2Studies on the effect of N. sativa on blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic animals seem to be conflicting. In 1985, Al-Awadi et al.3 reported a significant decrease in blood glucose produced by a plant mixturecontaining N. sativa in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, however, when N. sativa was used alone it produced no effect on the blood glucose level of both normal and diabetic rats.4 Also, El-Naggar and El-Deib5reported that oral administration of powdered N. sativa seeds for three weeks produced minimal insignificant reduction in blood glucose in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, the intraperitoneal administration of volatile oil of N. sativa to fasting normal and alloxon-diabetic rabbits produced significant hypoglycemic effects.6 A plant mixture containing N. sativa administered once daily at doses of 0.5-1.5 mL/kg bodyweight for one month to normal and diabetic rats produced significant reductions in serum glucose level only in diabetic rats.7 Another plant mixture containing N. sativa was also reported to produce a significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.8 The only study which has been done on humans reported a significant decrease in blood glucose level after one week of oral ingestion of N. sativa powder at a dose of 2 g/day.9 The glucose level went up but remained insignificantly below baseline by the end of two weeks. We conducted the current study in an attempt to shed some light on the effect of N. sativa on blood glucose. Materials and Methods A total of 300 tested and 100 control white female albino rats were included in the study. The rats, which weighed 180-220 g, were fed on standard ad labitum and normal drinking water. The tested animals were divided into two main groups of 150 each. One group received N. sativa seeds and the other was given intraperitoneal injections of thymoquinone (Sigma Chemicals, USA). Each tested group was then subdivided into six groups of 25 rats each, with each group receiving different drug doses. N. sativa groups were fed different amounts of black seed of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/day, respectively. Each dose was mixed with flour, making a small amount of dough of around 2.5 g weight, before feeding. Thymoquinone groups were given intraperitoneal injections of different thymoquinone concentrations dissolved in ethanol and diluted with normal saline, and were 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively. All tested animals were subsequently allowed free access to normal food and water. Each dose group was further divided into five duration subgroups of five rats each, in which the feeding of N. sativa or intraperitoneal injections of thymoquinone continued for 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days, respectively.
Control animals were divided into two main groups of 50 each. One group was only given dough of around 2.5 g and served as controls for rats fed with N. sativa seeds. The other group received intraperitoneal injections of ethanol and served as controls for the thymoquinone-injected rats. All control animals were subsequently allowed free access to normal food and water. Each main control group was further divided into five duration groups of 10 rats each and served as controls for one of the different durations to which the tested groups were subjected (1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days, respectively), regardless of the dose of either N. sativa seeds or thymoquinone. Feedings of N. sativa seeds or injections of thymoquinone were given around 8 a.m. in order to avoid the effect of diurnal variation. Controls had the same timing for feedings and injections. After two hours of fasting, a blood sample was obtained at 10 a.m. from each rat at the end of each duration for both tested and control animals. The blood was extracted from the abdominal aorta following abdominal incision, after anesthetizing the animal with 1.25 g/kg phenobarbitone. From each blood sample, plasma was obtained and the following blood parameters were measured spectrophotometrically (Spectronic Instruments, USA) utilizing standard kits (Bio-Merieux, France). The mean of each blood parameter from both tested groups was compared to its corresponding parameter in the control groups using unpaired Student’s t-test. Results All animals fed with the six doses of N. sativa tolerated the drug over the period of treatment and showed no sign of toxicity or discomfort. Similarly, all doses (0.5 to 6 mg/kg) of thymoquinone, except the dose of 8 mg, were tolerable and animals showed no sign of discomfort or toxicity. Most of the animals injected with the highest dose of thymoquinone (8 mg/kg) died by the end of first week of treatment. Animals which survived and could tolerate the 8 mg/kg dose of thymoquinone showed signs of peritonitis on opening the abdomen for blood extraction. Their abdomen was full of fluid, pus and adhesions, and had a greenish color all over. Therefore, this dose was discontinued and no data could be reported for it. Effect of N. sativa Feeding on Blood Glucose Levels Treatment with all doses for one day produced no effect on blood glucose. Rats treated with 50 mg dose showed a significant reduction in their blood glucose only in the seven days’ duration. Treatment with 100, 200 and 300 mg produced a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in all durations except that of one day. However, the reduction induced by 200 and 300 mg doses seemed to be greater by the end of 14 days’ treatment. The 400 and 500 mg doses produced a significant decrease in the groups treated for 4 and 10 days, however, the effect was lost after 14 days. Effect of Thymoquinone Injections on Blood Glucose Levels Thymoquinone intraperitoneal injections with the 5 doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg) failed to produce a change of significance in blood glucose level after one day of treatment. Injections with 0.5 mg/kg gave a significant reduction in blood glucose after four days of treatment but were lost thereafter. The rest of the doses used produced a significant reduction in blood glucose in almost all the four duration periods, but the blood glucose level was swinging up and down over these durations. However, the effect was well maintained even in the animals treated with the highest dose given for the longest duration.
Discussion
Our results indicate that N. sativa seeds and their active ingredient, thymoquinone, have a promising reducing effect on the blood glucose levels in normal rats. The results, however, fail to show a linear consistent dose or timedependent effect of both drugs on the parameter studied. The effective dose range of N. sativa seemed to lie between 100 and 300 mg/200 g rat/day for most of the duration studied. The higher doses of N. sativa, particularly 500 mg, tended to lose their effect after two weeks of daily treatment. A similar finding was observed in our previous study in humans,9 which may support the possibility that the dose used in the human study (2 g/day) was also high. The hypoglycemic effect of N. sativa reported here is in agreement with previous reports in normal and alloxaninduced diabetic rabbits,6 alloxan-induced diabetic rats,7,8 and in human subjects.9 On the other hand, our results seem to be in conflict with other studies.4,5,7 Al-Awadi and Gumaa4 reported no significant change in fasting blood glucose level when N. sativa (40 mg/day) was administered to normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. El- Naggar and El-Deib5 had also found no significant reducing effect of N. sativa (36 mg/day) on blood glucose level in normal rats. However, it seems that the doses of N. sativa used by both groups were subtherapeutic. The third group,7 who reported a negative effect of N. sativa on blood glucose of normal rats, were actually using a plant mixture rather than pure N. sativa and their dose could not be calculated.
The hypoglycemic effect of N. sativa in our study took four days to show, which is close to the duration (6 days) reported by Al-Hader et al.6 The similarity between the results of thymoquinone and those produced by N. sativa seeds indicates the role of thymoquinone in the hypoglycemic effect of N. sativa. Furthermore, thymoquinone results support and validate the findings with N. sativa. Interestingly, the higher doses of thymoquinone did not lose their effect in the 14 days’ group, as happened in the N. sativa feeding. This indicates that perhaps another ingredient of N. sativa reduces its effect at higher doses. However, it is no doubt better to use thymoquinone rather than raw seeds in order to induce a hypoglycemic effect. In conclusion, both N. sativa and thymoquinone produced significant hypoglycemic effects in normal rats. We recommend further studies on the effect of these drugs in diabetic animals and humans.
Acknowlegments
We would like to extend our thanks and appreciation to King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology for supporting this project, and to Dr. Hafez O. Ahmed for helping in the data entry and statistical analysis. We also thank Mr. Qaiser Humayun for technical assistance, and Mr. P. Syed Mohammed and Mr. Yousuf Hasany for secretarial assistance.
References
1. Saad SI. Classification of flowering plants. 2nd edition. Alexandria: The General Egyptian Book Co., 1975:412-3.
2. Aboutabl EA, El-Ezzouny AA, Hammerschmidt FJ. Aroma volatiles of Nigella sativa seeds. In: Brunkel EJ, editor. Progress in Essential Oil Research. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Essential Oils, 1986:44-55.
3. Al-Awadi FM, Khattar MA, Gumaa KA. On the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of a plant extract. Diabetologia 1985;28:432-4.
4. Al-Awadi FM, Gumaa KA. Studies on the activity of individual plants of an antidiabetic plant mixture. Acta Diabetol 1987;24:7-41.
5. El-Naggar AM, El-Deib AM. A study of some biological activities of Nigella sativa (black seeds) “Habat El Baraka.” J Egypt Soc Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;11:781-99.
6. Al-Hader A, Aqel M, Hassan Z. Hypoglycemic effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds. Int J Pharmacol 1993;31:96-100.
7. El-Shabrawy OA, Nada SA. Biological evaluation of multicomponent tea used as hypoglycemic in rats. Fitoterapia 1996;Vol LXVII:99-102.
8. Eskander H, Emad F, Won Jun A, Ibrahim K, Abelal WE. Hypoglycemic effect of a herbal formulation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Egypt J Pharm Sci 1995;36:253-70.
9. Bamosa A, Ali BA, Sowayan S. Effect of oral ingestion of Nigella sativa seeds on some blood parameters. Saudi Pharmacol J 1997;5:
126-9.
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Tapak dara (Catharantus roseus (L.) G. Don.) tanaman liar yang kini banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman penghias halaman rumah. Tumbuhan yang tingginya bias mencapai 100 cm ini berdiri tegak dengan batang yang bulat dan berdiameter kecil, berkayu, berambut serta bercabang, berdaun bulat telur dan bunganya yang cantik ada yang putih dan merah. Tumbuhan ini sangat cook untuk daerah tropis sehingga di Indonesia sangat mudah ditemui, insya alloh.
Sudah liat gambar dan sudah dapat sedikit keterangan tentang tapak dara kan???sekarang mari kita lihat manfaatnya…
Sekilas tanaman ini hanyalah tanaman penghias halaman belaka atau bahkan tanaman liar yang tak tau dari mana asalnya. Tapi jangan salah, tapak dara banyak memiliki manfaat yang mungkin tidak kita bayangkan sebelumnya. Mulai dari untuk luka bakar, luka baru, bengkak, borok, bisul, gondong, radang perut, demam, disentri, anemia, hipertensi, diabetes, asma, bronchitis, hingga kanker.
Berikut ini beberapa cara memanfaatkan tanaman tapak dara yang kami ambil dari iptek.net.id untuk dapat dijadikan obat beberapa penyakit. Tapi sebelumnya harus diingat nih… Penyakit itu datangnya dari Alloh Ta’ala dan Dia pulalah yang menyembuhkan… jadi jangan lupa untuk memohon kesembuhan dari-Nya..
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Cara membuat: bahan tersebut direbus dengan 3 gelas air sampai mendidih hingga tinggal 1 gelas
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Cara menggunakan: diminum tiap sore.
b. Bahan: 7 lembar daun atau bunga tapakdara
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Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi dan sore ditambah gula kelapa.
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Bahan: 15 – 30 gram daun tapakdara kering
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Cara menggunakan: ditempelkan pada luka bakar.
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Menguatkan Sistem Kekebalan Tubuh: Jintan hitam (Habbatussauda’) dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel-sel T yang baik untuk meningkatkan sel-sel pembunuh alami. Efektivitasnya hingga 72% jika dibandingkan dengan plasebo hanya 7%. Dengan demikian, mengkonsumsi habbatussauda’ dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Pada tahun 1993, DR. Basil Ali dengan koleganya dari College of Medicine, di Universitas King Faisal mempublikasikannya dalam jurnal Pharmasetik Saud. Kemampuan ekstrak Habbatussauda’ diakui Prof . G Reitmuller, Direktur Institut Immonologi dari Universitas Munich, dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan dapat digunakan bioregulator. Dengan demikian, Habbatussauda’ dapat dijadikan obat untuk penyakit yang menyerang kekebalan tubuh, seperti kanker dan AIDS.
Oleh : Salim Syarief Md. | 07-Sep-2008, 11:50:36 WIB
KabarIndonesia.com – Mengkaji Al-Qur’an dan memahami hadis-hadis tentang minyak zaitun. “Sesungguhnya Allah Ta’ala menurunkan penyakit dan obatnya, dan menjadikan setiap penyakit pasti ada obatnya. Maka berobatlah kalian, tapi jangan dengan yang haram.” (HR. Abu Dawud).
Sejak 1400 tahun silam, Baginda Nabi Muhammad SAW, telah menganjurkan untuk mengkonsumsi minyak zaitun, mengingat sangat besar khasiat dalam kandungan minyak dari pohon/buah zaitun yang diberkahi. Baca Lebih Lanjut »
almanhaj.or.id – Jumat, 14 September 2007 02:44:00 WIB
Oleh
Abu Zubair Zaki Rakhmawan
Berikut ini akan kami paparkan sebagian dari manfaat dan khasiat kurma ditinjau dari sudut pandang medis modern yang sekaligus menguatkan khabar Al-Qur’an Al-Karim dan As-Sunnah Ash-Shahihah tentang khasiat dan keutamaan kurma. Baca Lebih Lanjut »
Republika.co.id – Segala sesuatu yang diciptakan Allah SWT pasti tak ada yang sia-sia. Di antara ciptaan Sang Khalik yang istimewa adalah lebah. Serangga yang satu ini menempati posisi penting dibanding serangga lainnya. Tak heran jika lebah dijadikan salah satu nama surat dalam Alquran.
Surat ke-16 dalam Alquran adalah An Nahl yang berarti lebah. Secara khusus, surat Makkiyah tersebut dinamakan An Nahl atau lebah, karena pada ayat ke-68 terdafat firman Allah SWT yang berbunyi, ”Dan Tuhanmu mengilhamkan kepada lebah: Buatlah sarang-sarang di bukit-bukit, di pohon-pohon kayu, dan di tempat-tempat yang dibikin manusia.” Baca Lebih Lanjut »
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